In terms of safety, which fluoride has a lower risk of ingestion?

Sodium fluoride is recognized for having a lower risk of ingestion compared to the other fluoride options available. This is primarily due to its formulation and typical usage. As a topical agent, sodium fluoride is commonly used in professional applications and is typically applied in a manner that allows for minimal swallowing or ingestion.

In contrast, stannous fluoride, while effective in caries prevention, can lead to gastrointestinal upset if ingested in excessive amounts due to its metal content. Acidulated phosphate fluoride, although useful in enhancing remineralization, is acidic and can cause enamel erosion if not used properly and may also pose a risk if swallowed in large quantities. The dual rinse option, which combines acidulated phosphate fluoride and stannous fluoride, could lead to higher ingestion risk due to the combined effects of both formulations.

Overall, sodium fluoride is generally preferred for its safety profile and lower likelihood of ingestion, making it a suitable choice in fluoride treatments aimed at reducing potential toxicity while still providing effective dental protection.